Yarn Market 

Double-DipBy James L. Lemons, Ph.D., Technical Editor The Department of Commerce (DOC)
recently reported that gross domestic product for the first quarter of 2003 increased to 1.6
percent from 1.4 percent for the last quarter of 2002. The results have some analysts predicting
the economy may not slide back into recession. This is quite a contrast from earlier predictions
that the recovery had stalled and the country was headed for a double-dip recession.With mortgage
rates at their lowest levels since the 1960s, housing sales continue to surge. According to the
DOC, consumer spending rose by 0.4 percent, as Americans streamed to the shopping malls. The
Consumer Confidence Index rose to 81.0 in April from 61.4 in March the biggest single-month
increase in more than a decade.The DOC also reported that orders to manufacturers for durable goods
rose by 2 percent in March. However, corporate earnings have been mixed for the first three months
of the year. Although sales and profits arent robust, business is much stronger than anticipated
and seems to be on a path of growth.Where Is The Marker SystemGrant Aldonas, DOC under secretary
for international trade, recently announced the current status of the textile marker system that
has been under study by Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Ultraviolet fluorescent marks, nano- or
microscopic bar codes and DNA-based markers have emerged as the top choices. These three
technologies used individually or in combination could combat attempts to gain duty-free
orquota-free status for imports. The markers would be used by yarn manufacturers to enable the
Bureau of Customs and Border Protection to readily identify the country of origin (See
Textile World News,
TW, this issue).Although quotas end in 2005, tariffs hopefully will still be in place.
Customs would use one of these technologies to specifically identify the yarn manufacturer and
point of origin, thereby collecting tariffs that might otherwise be evaded. The goal is to find the
technology that will be the least expensive for domestic manufacturers and cannot be readily
duplicated by foreign competition.One spinner said, Its great that they are still looking at this,
but when will it finally happen Another executive observed, They still dont have the funding to
complete the research. How many jobs will we lose while they get their act togetherThe 2004 federal
budget begins in October. It is estimated that it will take $1.2 million to complete this project.
If this isnt a good return on the taxpayers dollar, what is Deals Announced With VietnamThe
Bush administration recently announced a bilateral trade agreement to limit Vietnams shipments of
textiles and apparel to the United States. The accord will place quotas on 38 categories of
textile-related imports, and includes provisions that allow US Customs to inspect factories to
verify production and ensure that Vietnam is adhering to international labor standards. This
provision is especially important since accusations have arisen claiming that vast amounts of
Vietnamese-labeled goods are actually transshipments from China. In fact, the American Textile
Manufacturers Institute had pleaded to forestall the agreement until further investigations of the
transshipments could be completed. The American Yarn Spinners Association and others argued
unsuccessfully that the new quotas should be established using 2001 imports as the base, as opposed
to current levels of imports. US trade officials contend the quotas simply bring Vietnam in line
with other developing nations.Now that the deal is cut, American consumers will have access to a
flood of cheap imports. Hopefully, they will realize one thing: More than 58,000 Americans died in
Vietnam and have their names inscribed on the Vietnam War Memorial in Washington. The US Park
Service maintains a separate memorial where names are inscribed for those who did not die in
combat, but died later as a result of the conflict with Vietnam. Hopefully, The American Textile
Industry will not be added to this memorial. 

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June 2003

Key Textile Provision Dropped From Tax BillThe final version of the Bush administrations
$350-billion tax cut bill failed to include an extension of the five-year net operating loss carry
back (NOL), which has been so important to textile manufacturers during this period of economic
distress. The current NOL law, enacted last year, permits companies to “carry back” for five years
their net operating losses from 2001 and 2002. This would allow them to get refunds of taxes paid
in earlier, more profitable years. The American Textile Manufacturers Institute (AMTI) had urged
Congress to extend the NOL for another two years to cover losses in 2003 through 2005. While the
extension was included in the House version of the bill, it was not included in the Senate version,
and the provision was dropped in a House-Senate conference. Neither body approved proposals to
permit more liberal tax deductions for research and development investments.The final version of
the bill, signed by President Bush on May 28, does have some provisions that will benefit business
in general. It provides an additional first-year depreciation deduction equal to 50 percent of the
adjusted base of “qualfied property.” Qualified property was defined in the Job Creation and
Workers Assistance act of 2002. The reduced tax rates for capital gains and dividends are expected
to benefit some companies, although the major effect will be on individual taxes.By James A.
Morrissey, Washington Correspondent
June 2003

Italian Textile Technology

By William Oxenham, Ph.D.

Machines Italia: Spinning

Marzoli S.p.A. has several US ring-spinning installations, but the company indicates it has shifted its focus to Iran, Syria, Turkey and China. Additionally, Marzoli now operates a joint venture to manufacture ring-spinning frames in China, resulting in huge reductions in manufacturing costs. Spindle prices of $230 in Italy versus $42 in China are given as broad cost comparisons for non-automated machines.

While Marzoli manufactures a full range of cotton-spinning machinery, the companys major news is its entry into the compact-spinning arena. Marzolis Olfil system can be retrofitted to its existing machines, and consists of an extra zone after the normal front rollers of the drafting system. Upon leaving the drafting system, the strand is supported on a perforated apron before passing through an extra front roller, which is belt-driven by the drafting roller. In this additional condensing zone, suction through the perforated belt creates tension in the fibers and results in a tighter yarn structure. Benefits include a 15- to 20-percent reduction in hairiness and a 10-percent increase in tenacity. Marzoli is promoting the Olfil system for processing cotton and, particularly, finer counts (24-80 Ne) for combed fibers. The company indicates there are problems with coarser yarns and short fibers, and higher trash levels have a big impact on productivity. The system, marketed as an approach to improving yarn quality rather than high productivity, is sensitive to temperature and humidity. Sticky cotton is particularly problematic.

Savio’s Twinsplicer is just one of the many splicing units that can be supplied with Savio winders.

Modern Spinning Plant

A visit to Giemme Filati S.p.A., coordinated by Savio Macchine Tessili S.p.A., offered a look at some of Savios latest developments, as well as a discussion with Giemme Filatis president, Giovanni Muratori. Giemme Filati is a modern spinning plant with 10,000 spindles for cotton yarns, plus three machines for core-spun elastomeric yarns. All machines are equipped with Savio ORION I link winding. The company also has facilities for twisting, singeing, mercerizing and dyeing (6,800 pounds per day for socks and high-quality underwear). Giemme Filati also owns a spinning mill in Paraguay. A major concern for the company is the competition from imported yarns. To offset the variations in pricing between in-house yarn and yarn imported from India, Giemme Filati not only spins 16,000 pounds per day, but also finishes 20,000 pounds of yarn sourced from India, Russia and Egypt (40s to 80s Ne).

Savio has had recent success in the United States with sales of winding machines and installations of rotor-spinning and Espero Volufil bulking units for acrylic yarns. The Italian textile industry has seen a major downturn, and 90 percent of Savio machinery is exported, with the largest market presently being China and Turkey.

Three developments were highlighted. Various types of splicing units can be incorporated into the winder. Of particular interest is the Twinsplicer, a mechanical system that can splice not only denim yarns, but also compact and core-spun elastomeric yarns. The splicing of elastomeric yarns was demonstrated in the spinning rooms at Filati.A system has been developed to identify the spindle that produces the yarn being wound on the link-winding machine. Because there is a package transfer system in the passage of the spinning tube to the winder, it is necessary to communicate the new location to the tracking system. It is believed the use of such systems should greatly improve the identification of spinning positions that are producing defective yarns and thus may need maintenance.

Savio is set to launch a rotor-spinning machine that uses a spin box from Spindelfabrik Suessen, Germany, instead of its traditional self-pumping rotor. This should enable significantly higher production speeds. Suessen has been very active in improving its components to enable the production of higher-quality yarns.

Long-Staple Processing

Sant’Andrea Novara S.p.A. is, along with Cognetex S.p.A. and Seydel, part of the Finlane Group. Sant’Andrea has been a significant player in the manufacture of machines for long-staple processing, and in particular for the processing of fine wools. Its major markets currently are China, Turkey, Italy, Mexico and Iran.

The group claims to be the largest manufacturer of long-staple processing machinery. While Sant’Andrea does not manufacture spinning frames, Cognetex offers a range of machines. Thus, the group can provide turnkey operations. The major developments presented by Sant’Andrea follow. The new P100 comb operates under a new combing law. Main features include continuous feed, simplified design and increased operating speed. The comb has been designed with minimum motion of the various components. Not only does this afford potentially higher speeds, but it also has resulted in significant improvements in setting times for the various units within the comb, coupled with easier and quicker component change.

The HC 22 ARE pin drafter (Chain Gill) twin-head drawing frame is equipped with double electronic autoleveling. As well as having the more usual open-loop system to measure and correct the feed, this machine also is equipped with the Tex-Detector closed-loop system, which measures and corrects the outgoing sliver. Additional features of note are the 30-millimeter (mm) front ratch of the drafting system and the reduced distance of 4 mm between successive rows on intersecting pins in the drafting zone. Both of these modifications should lead to improvements in sliver quality.

A second rubbing zone on Sant’Andrea Novara’s RF4 Vertical Rubbing Finisher reinforces “dead centers.”

Sant’Andrea claims 80 percent of the world market share for vertical rubbing frames. The RF4 Vertical Rubbing Finisher is its latest version. The use of a double rubbing field doubles the amount of rubbing at a particular running speed, and thus the rubbing section can potentially run at a lower oscillation rate to maintain an acceptable compaction of the roving. In addition, the second rubbing zone can reinforce the dead centers that occur at the reversal of the rubbing aprons when only one apron set is used.

Compact Spinning Centers

Cognetex currently has about 45 percent of the world market for long-staple ring frames, with Turkey accounting for about 50 percent of its sales. Its major focus recently has been the development of a compact spinning system for worsted spinning. The Com4® Wool system is the result of significant development based on Rieters Com4 system for cotton fibers. Major changes have been made to accommodate much longer fibers. This is
achieved by utilizing angled balloon rollers as the front rollers in the compacting zone. The usual benefits for compact yarn are gained with this system improved hairiness, regularity, strength, elongation and abrasion resistance. However, the claimed advantages are associated with the impact of these benefits in subsequent processing. One particular claim is that it may be possible to replace folded wrap yarns with a single Com4 Wool yarn. The system is incorporated into a machine using suppressed spinning balloons claimed to work well in conjunction with the compact drafting unit. An additional cover, termed the air conveyor, is used for certain fiber types. It is recommended for use when processing cashmere, but is said to be unnecessary for wool.

Spinning Plant Automation

U.T.I.T. Wagner Automazioni S.p.A. operates as a design and assembly company. It sources parts and components and then applies minor modifications to ensure a unified system. The company presently works either directly with the customer or through a machinery maker. The company offers many forms of material handling for different areas of the textile industry and is particularly well-known in staple spinning. Systems offered include:bale handling; transport systems for sliver cans, comber laps and rovings; complete material handling systems, from spinning/winding through palletization; filament-package handling; and textile roll handling and palletization.

U.T.I.T. has several installations operating in the United States, particularly can and roving transport, and yarn-package handling systems. The latter systems can accommodate output from up to 23 machines. The setup includes automatic package assessment for diameter, weight, conicity and yarn tail. It is possible to handle different yarns from the different spinning machines feeding the system. Research is underway to track the spinning position that is producing any defect detected by the package inspection system.

Gualchierani Textile Automation S.p.A. has two main areas of focus bale presses (including presses for making bump tops) and automation. The company proudly explains the project planning, research, construction and installation are all conducted in-house. Its major sales are to the Czech Republic, Turkey, China, India and South America.Gualchierani currently has interests in the following areas of material handling:robotic plants for partially oriented yarn, fully drawn yarn, bulk continuous filament, and other yarns from spinning through inspection to palletizing and storage, including package inspection and labeling; staple processing automation from spinning and winding through boxing and palletizing; handling of packages in the dyehouse; and warehouse automation and associated logistics.

June 2003