WASHINGTON — February 12, 2015 — Two new cotton germplasm lines developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientists are now available for use in safeguarding U.S. cotton from cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV), a whitefly-borne disease that has caused significant yield losses in the parts of Asia and Africa where the crop is grown. Although it has not yet been reported in the United States, CLCuV disease ranks among the top 20 threats to U.S. agriculture, according to USDA’s Office of Pest Management Policy.

“Our aim is to shore-up the defenses of the U.S. cotton crop by releasing sources of resistance to cotton leaf curl virus that our cotton breeders can readily incorporate into their variety development programs, should this disease arrive here from abroad,” said Jodi Scheffler, a plant geneticist with ARS’ Crop Genetics Research Unit in Stoneville, Mississippi.  

Cotton leaf curl virus disease was originally identified in Africa and first reported in the Punjab region of Pakistan in 1967. The disease has since spread to other parts of the country as well as to India and China. Pakistan loses over one million bales of cotton each year due to CLCuV.

Starting in 2012, ARS researchers began sending seed shipments of their top selections to Pakistani cooperators for field testing at three sites in Pakistan’s Punjab Province (Multan, Vehari and Faisalabad), where CLCuV disease has been especially severe.  They also field tested seed at one location in the Sindh Province (Sakrand), where the disease been less severe.

GVS 8 and GVS 9, the new germplasm releases chosen from those field screening tests, highlight the success of the Pakistani-USA Cotton Productivity Program (CPEP) — an ongoing scientific partnership funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development with support from the USDA-ARS Office of International Research Programs and USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service.

In addition to CLCuV resistance, the two new germplasm lines were chosen for agronomic traits, including lint yield and quality. Scheffler is currently accepting seed requests (limited to five grams each). She can be reached by phone at (662) 686-5219 and e-mail at jodi.scheffler@ars.usda.gov.

Posted February 12, 2015

Source: USDA
 

USTER, Switzerland, February 4, 2015 – As worldwide stocks of cotton continue to build up, spinners might be eagerly anticipating a period of lower prices for their raw material. But there are serious risks ahead, particularly when the market is likely to be flooded with some cotton which has been stored in warehouses for lengthy periods.

This issue was highlighted at the recent ITMF Conference in Beijing and the ICAC Plenary Meeting in Thessaloniki, with experts warning that stockpiled cotton can degrade over time.  Quality problems are inevitable: color loss (‘yellowing’) and deterioration of spinning quality are the biggest concerns. Accurate testing with USTER^® HVI 1000 is the only sure way to check that cotton supplies are fit for purpose.
 
Prices on world cotton markets look set to fall, against a background of inventory levels which have risen massively over recent years. It is estimated that more than 100 million bales now sit in warehouses around the world – a stockpile which would supply the entire textile industry for a whole year. China alone has more than half of this total inventory, at 62 million bales, which would be enough for two years of domestic textile needs in this, the largest single cotton-consuming, country.
 
Cotton growers are bound to cut back outputs as demand falls and the cotton supply chain starts destocking on a large scale. So, is this good news for spinners, if a glut of lower-priced cotton is soon to hit the market? The answer is ‘probably not’ – if spinners forget the ancient Roman maxim ‘Buyer Beware’.
 
Storage effect on cotton quality
The big problem is likely to center on how long the cotton stocks have been warehoused, and under what conditions. It is an acknowledged fact that raw cotton quality declines over time, even when stored in excellent conditions. The major issue is loss of color grade, often referred to as ‘yellowing’ – and it is not always readily apparent without proper testing. So, a cotton may emerge from the gin and into the warehouse with excellent quality ratings, recorded and tagged at this point. But, over time, color degradation will take its toll on the quality level, especially when the cotton is warehoused for long periods.
 
Special attention should be paid to cotton sourced from areas with enormous stockpiles, where storage options are often poor, with farmers keeping cotton loose in sheds, exposed to changing environmental conditions and moisture – a clear quality risk.
 
In the near future, there will be acts to balance mill consumption with cotton production. One way will be to cut back on imports, so that domestic mills will buy warehoused supplies. But if Chinese spinners are aware that this cotton may have been in the warehouse for as long as three years, they might baulk at the potential quality risks it carries. In those circumstances, some of these supplies might be unloaded to world markets – spreading the risks to spinners everywhere.
 
Customers who purchase cotton which has been in long-term storage will almost certainly not be able to rely on the quality data tagged on the bales. And this can affect the value – the price paid may be higher than it’s really worth – as well as the quality performance of the cotton through yarn production and into the finished fabric. Careful testing of incoming cotton for key quality parameters is vital if spinners are to avoid these potentially serious problems from damaging their business prospects.
 
Is color grade really important?
Color grade is a key driver of raw cotton pricing, always a factor in buying and selling negotiations. That is because a number of serious fabric faults can be traced back to color grading issues. It is essential that spinners know exactly the correct color data for every cotton purchase, so they can ensure that mixing of the bales at the start of the spinning process is appropriate for the yarn quality being produced.
 
Extensive testing of color degradation of cotton under various environmental conditions has resulted in clear evidence of the seriousness of the problem. The longer that cotton is in storage, and the worse the warehousing conditions, the quicker and more severe will be the loss of color grade.

Even in an ideal storage environment, in a cool and dry warehouse, cotton that is kept for more than a year will start to degrade. If conditions are unsuitable – a hot and humid warehouse, for example – the ‘yellowing’ will occur after only six weeks.
 
The impact on spinners
Most spinners will be fully aware of the risk of color grade loss with cotton that has been in long-term storage. But the effect of the storage conditions on this problem is less widely known. In any case, it may often be impossible for spinners to check on the detailed warehousing environment of a cotton purchase.
 
What spinners will realize only too well is that yarn quality can be drastically affected by inaccurate color grade data. The defect known as barré is an unwanted striping effect in woven or knitted fabric, which becomes visible only during fabric manufacture or even at dyeing – the worst possible times to detect off-quality. The barré effect can be caused directly by inaccurate color grade data, often taken from outdated bale tags. As has been explained, quality tags on the bales are only completely valid for the time of issue. So spinners can be faced with costly quality claims and lost reputation for this single issue.
 
David McAlister, Product Manager for Cotton Classing within Uster Technologies, says: “Relying on data that does not represent the current quality of the cotton results in unavoidable issues of unforeseen enormity, with repercussions along the entire textile value chain in terms of both quality and profitability – and spinners will be the ones in the firing line.”
 
The only sure safeguard
The solution for spinners is effective cotton classing, in other words re-testing raw cotton samples before making a purchase decision. For this task, the USTER® HVI 1000 is the globally-accepted instrument, used to set cotton calibration standards by the world’s leading cotton authorities, including USDA in the USA, CFIB in China and many other national bodies. The HVI provides fast and accurate data on color grade levels, so that spinners can compare quality data from bale tags with their own test results. Not only does it give them security that their cotton purchase is good value, it also helps to determine the optimum mix of qualities for the start of the spinning process.
 
McAlister says: “The USTER HVI 1000 will not only prevent pricing and quality problems, it will also provide a rapid payback on the initial investment in the system. It will give spinners confidence that the yarn quality they are producing will be exactly what their customers have ordered.”
 
McAlister points to a 2002 study by Cotton Incorporated for some stark illustrations of the financial impact of the barré problem – and the massive cost savings possible with the USTER HVI 1000. “The study showed that producing fabric with barré costs about 21,400 Euros (USD 27,000) for every 1,818 kg (4,000 lbs.) of fabric. That means a typical 50,000-spindle mill, producing 30,000 kg of standard-count yarn per day, would be losing 400,000 Euros (USD 500,000) each day. At this rate, a single day of preventing barré would more than cover the investment cost of HVI instrumentation – as well as protecting hard-won profit margins.”
 
“Rising worldwide yarn quality requirements and the realistic risks from long-term raw cotton stocks cannot be ignored. There could be a serious impact on world markets for many years to come. But the situation also presents an opportunity for smart spinners who can deliver consistent yarn quality levels supported by accurate raw material testing.”

Posted February 10, 2015

Source: Uster Technologies
 

LOGAN, Utah — February 5, 2015 — During an event held today at Utah State’s newly constructed Bioproducts Scale-Up Facility on the university’s Innovation Campus, officials announced that the new facility will enable synthetic spider silk to be produced in commercial quantities. Funding for the facility was provided by the Utah Science Technology and Research (USTAR) initiative.

“Within this new, state-of-the-art facility, Utah State will begin the process of producing synthetic spider silk and other biosynthetic materials in quantities that have not yet been achieved, which will enable commercial partners to take advantage of years of USU faculty research on new biomaterials that can be used for a wide variety of applications,” said H. Scott Hinton, director of the USTAR Synthetic Biomanufacturing Institute at Utah State. “This new USTAR Bioproducts Scale-Up Facility can provide large quantities of these new biosynthetic materials to companies for innovative bioproducts that range from medical devices to textiles.”

In addition to manufacturing large quantities of bioproducts for commercialization the USTAR Bioproducts Scale-Up Facility has been designed to enable the optimization of upstream and downstream processes to enhance the production of bioproducts, including synthetic spider silk, produced by fermentation.

“Spider silk has long been known to contain properties that make it an incredibly strong material with potential applications in many different industries,” said USTAR Professor Randy Lewis. “The production of mass quantities of spider silk has been limited by the process in which we can harvest it.”

Stronger than Kevlar and more elastic than nylon, spider silk, until now, could only be produced in limited quantities. The USTAR Bioproducts Scale-Up Facility at Utah State will enable scientists to produce synthetic spider silk, and other synthetic bioproducts, in quantities that will be useful for the production of real-world products.

Lewis has been at the forefront of researching spider silk, an ancient biomaterial for the future. He is considered one of the leading experts on the production of synthetic spider silk for potential uses such as ligament and tendon repair, advanced coatings, high-tech clothing, parachutes, bioadhesives, time release coatings and gels, and airbags, to name a few.

For large-scale fermentations, the facility houses two 500-liter fermenters, which have a variety of setup options and data collection resources that allow process optimization. A 125-liter fermentation system, which is also fully automated and sterilizable-in-place, is available to serve as a seed reactor. For cell and product recovery, several sizes of centrifuges are available. In addition, a chromatography system makes it possible to purify production quantities of spider silk proteins.

“The capabilities of this fermentation facility enable scale-up of fermentation bioproducts that can be grown and analyzed under a variety of growth conditions for maximum product yield and quality with the room for growth necessary to add additional equipment as demand increases,” said Hinton.  “The facility is an incredible addition to the USTAR Synthetic Biomanufacturing Institute and was designed to provide the flexibility to create and produce many new and exciting bioproducts that have been invented and developed here at USU.”

The USTAR Bioproducts Scale-Up Facility is part of Utah State University’s USTAR Synthetic Biomanufacturing Institute and provides an infrastructure that enhances research and commercialization opportunities. The Institute provides the framework necessary to strengthen the communication and coordination between university faculty, industry partners, research centers, and the Bioproducts Production Laboratory.

Posted February 10, 2015

Source: Utah State University