TEMPE, Ariz. — August 1, 2019 — Economic activity in the manufacturing sector expanded in July, and the overall economy grew for the 123rd consecutive month, say the nation’s supply executives in the latest Manufacturing ISM® Report On Business®.
The report was issued today by Timothy R. Fiore, CPSM, C.P.M., Chair of the Institute for Supply Management® (ISM®) Manufacturing Business Survey Committee: “The July PMI® registered 51.2 percent, a decrease of 0.5 percentage point from the June reading of 51.7 percent. The New Orders Index registered 50.8 percent, an increase of 0.8 percentage point from the June reading of 50 percent. The Production Index registered 50.8 percent, a 3.3-percentage point decrease compared to the June reading of 54.1 percent. The Employment Index registered 51.7 percent, a decrease of 2.8 percentage points from the June reading of 54.5 percent. The Supplier Deliveries Index registered 53.3 percent, a 2.6-percentage point increase from the June reading of 50.7 percent. The Inventories Index registered 49.5 percent, an increase of 0.4 percentage point from the June reading of 49.1 percent. The Prices Index registered 45.1 percent, a 2.8-percentage point decrease from the June reading of 47.9 percent.
“Comments from the panel reflect continued expanding business strength, but at soft levels. July was the fourth straight month of slowing PMI® expansion. Demand expansion resumed, with the New Orders Index recording marginal growth, the Customers’ Inventories Index entering ‘about right’ territory, and the Backlog of Orders Index contracting for the third straight month, at stronger levels compared to prior months. New export orders also contracted. Consumption (measured by the Production and Employment indexes) continued to expand, but at lower levels. This resulted in a combined decrease of 6.1 percentage points to the PMI® calculation due to minimal new-order growth, backlog contraction and customer-inventory gains. Inputs — expressed as supplier deliveries, inventories and imports — were lower this month, due to inventory tightening for the second straight month and continued slower supplier deliveries, resulting in a combined 3.0-percentage point improvement in the Supplier Deliveries and Inventories indexes. Imports and new export orders contracted. Overall, inputs indicate (1) supply chains are responding marginally slower and (2) supply managers are closely matching inventories to new orders. Prices contracted for the second consecutive month, indicating lower overall systemic demand.
“Respondents expressed less concern about U.S.-China trade turbulence, but trade remains a significant issue. More respondents noted supply chain adjustments as a result of moving manufacturing from China. Overall, sentiment this month is evenly mixed,” says Fiore.
Of the 18 manufacturing industries, nine reported growth in July, in the following order: Wood Products; Printing & Related Support Activities; Furniture & Related Products; Food, Beverage & Tobacco Products; Plastics & Rubber Products; Computer & Electronic Products; Textile Mills; Petroleum & Coal Products; and Chemical Products. The nine industries reporting contraction in July — in the following order — are: Apparel, Leather & Allied Products; Fabricated Metal Products; Primary Metals; Nonmetallic Mineral Products; Transportation Equipment; Paper Products; Miscellaneous Manufacturing; Electrical Equipment, Appliances & Components; and Machinery.
WHAT RESPONDENTS ARE SAYING
“General business trends are continuing to show signs of weakness resulting from tariffs and cost impacts of importing and exporting.” (Electrical Equipment, Appliances & Components)
“Business is strong mostly due to seasonality. Tariffs surcharges are now being passed through to all customers. Labor is tight, putting pressure on wages costs.” (Furniture & Related Products)
“All aspects of business remain strong, but we’re starting to see the frictional effect of tariffs on exports.” (Plastics & Rubber Products)
“We are a third-tier supplier to [a major aircraft manufacturer], and it appears its production slowdown of [an aircraft] is having a direct effect on our slowing orders.” (Miscellaneous Manufacturing)
“Business has slowed, but it is still steady and expected to pick up next month.” (Machinery)
“There is a drop in demand for steel products, which has had a major impact on steel prices and the domestic scrap market.” (Fabricated Metal Products)
“The economy is holding steady. All the uncertainty seems to be priced in accordingly, and supply plans are consistent throughout 2019. Business conditions improving yet still facing headwinds in foreign exchange, commodities, and certain direct materials. (Food, Beverage & Tobacco Products)
“[Automotive] sales continue to decline, and forecasts have been reduced due to softer predicted demand. Attention to product cost — not sales price — is increasing.” (Transportation Equipment)
“Weakness in end markets accelerating rapidly. Continuing to reduce production based on weakening demand and declining current orders.” (Chemical Products)
“China tariffs continue to be a concern. The uncertainty of future tariffs involving China, Canada, and Mexico is also a concern. China tariffs for electronic parts are averaging 17 percent.” (Computer & Electronic Products)
| MANUFACTURING AT A GLANCE
July 2019 |
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| Index | Series Index
Jul |
Series Index
Jun |
Percentage
Point Change |
Direction | Rate of Change | Trend* (Months) |
| PMI® | 51.2 | 51.7 | -0.5 | Growing | Slower | 35 |
| New Orders | 50.8 | 50.0 | +0.8 | Growing | From Unchanged | 1 |
| Production | 50.8 | 54.1 | -3.3 | Growing | Slower | 35 |
| Employment | 51.7 | 54.5 | -2.8 | Growing | Slower | 34 |
| Supplier Deliveries | 53.3 | 50.7 | +2.6 | Slowing | Faster | 41 |
| Inventories | 49.5 | 49.1 | +0.4 | Contracting | Slower | 2 |
| Customers’ Inventories | 45.7 | 44.6 | +1.1 | Too Low | Slower | 34 |
| Prices | 45.1 | 47.9 | -2.8 | Decreasing | Faster | 2 |
| Backlog of Orders | 43.1 | 47.4 | -4.3 | Contracting | Faster | 3 |
| New Export Orders | 48.1 | 50.5 | -2.4 | Contracting | From Growing | 1 |
| Imports | 47.0 | 50.0 | -3.0 | Contracting | From Unchanged | 1 |
| OVERALL ECONOMY | Growing | Slower | 123 | |||
| Manufacturing Sector | Growing | Slower | 35 | |||
Manufacturing ISM® Report On Business® data is seasonally adjusted for the New Orders, Production, Employment and Supplier Deliveries Indexes. *Number of months moving in current direction.
COMMODITIES REPORTED UP/DOWN IN PRICE AND IN SHORT SUPPLY
Commodities Up in Price
Corn (2); and Steel Products* (3).
Commodities Down in Price
Aluminum (4); Aluminum Products; Copper (2); Corrugated Boxes (2); Electrical Components; Polypropylene; Steel; Steel — Hot Rolled (4); Steel — Scrap; Steel — Stainless (2); and Steel Products* (7).
Commodities in Short Supply
Electrical Components (2); and Helium.
The number of consecutive months the commodity is listed is indicated after each item. *Indicates both up and down in price.
JULY 2019 MANUFACTURING INDEX SUMMARIES
PMI®
Manufacturing expanded in July, as the PMI® registered 51.2 percent, a decrease of 0.5 percentage point from the June reading of 51.7 percent. This is the lowest reading since August 2016, when the index registered 49.6 percent. “This indicates growth in manufacturing for the 35th consecutive month. The PMI® continued a period of expansion softening, with four straight months of expansion decline. Softening this month was primarily due to slower growth in demand and consumption, indicated by the New Orders, Production and Employment indexes. Four of the six big industries expanded, as was the case in June, but at lower levels,” says Fiore. A reading above 50 percent indicates that the manufacturing economy is generally expanding; below 50 percent indicates that it is generally contracting.
A PMI® above 42.9 percent, over a period of time, generally indicates an expansion of the overall economy. Therefore, the July PMI® indicates growth for the 123rd consecutive month in the overall economy and the 35th straight month of growth in the manufacturing sector. “The past relationship between the PMI® and the overall economy indicates that the PMI® for July (51.2 percent) corresponds to a 2.5-percent increase in real gross domestic product (GDP) on an annualized basis,” says Fiore.
THE LAST 12 MONTHS
| Month | PMI® | Month | PMI® | |
| Jul 2019 | 51.2 | Jan 2019 | 56.6 | |
| Jun 2019 | 51.7 | Dec 2018 | 54.3 | |
| May 2019 | 52.1 | Nov 2018 | 58.8 | |
| Apr 2019 | 52.8 | Oct 2018 | 57.5 | |
| Mar 2019 | 55.3 | Sep 2018 | 59.5 | |
| Feb 2019 | 54.2 | Aug 2018 | 60.8 | |
| Average for 12 months – 55.4
High – 60.8 Low – 51.2 |
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New Orders ISM®’s New Orders Index registered 50.8 percent in July, an increase of 0.8 percentage point when compared to the 50 percent reported for June. This indicates that new orders grew after being unchanged for one month. “Customer demand expanded slightly in July following one month of no expansion. Three of the top six industry sectors expanded, and three contracted during the period,” says Fiore. A New Orders Index above 52.5 percent, over time, is generally consistent with an increase in the Census Bureau’s series on manufacturing orders (in constant 2000 dollars).
Of 18 manufacturing industries, seven reported growth in new orders in July, in the following order: Furniture & Related Products; Wood Products; Printing & Related Support Activities; Food, Beverage & Tobacco Products; Textile Mills; Chemical Products; and Computer & Electronic Products. The 10 industries reporting a decline in new orders in July — in the following order — are: Apparel, Leather & Allied Products; Primary Metals; Petroleum & Coal Products; Fabricated Metal Products; Electrical Equipment, Appliances & Components; Transportation Equipment; Nonmetallic Mineral Products; Miscellaneous Manufacturing; Paper Products; and Plastics & Rubber Products.
| New Orders | %Higher | %Same | %Lower | Net | Index |
| Jul 2019 | 23.0 | 52.1 | 24.9 | -1.9 | 50.8 |
| Jun 2019 | 24.6 | 55.9 | 19.5 | +5.1 | 50.0 |
| May 2019 | 26.9 | 56.7 | 16.4 | +10.5 | 52.7 |
| Apr 2019 | 31.0 | 50.2 | 18.8 | +12.2 | 51.7 |
Production ISM®’s Production Index registered 50.8 percent in July, which is a decrease of 3.3 percentage points when compared to the 54.1 percent reported for June, indicating growth in production for the 35th consecutive month. “Production expansion continued in July, at a weaker pace compared to June. For the second straight month, production output was able to improve customer-inventory positions and reduce backlog orders,” says Fiore. An index above 51.7 percent, over time, is generally consistent with an increase in the Federal Reserve Board’s Industrial Production figures.
The eight industries reporting growth in production during the month of July — listed in order — are: Wood Products; Printing & Related Support Activities; Furniture & Related Products; Food, Beverage & Tobacco Products; Textile Mills; Primary Metals; Chemical Products; and Computer & Electronic Products. The 10 industries reporting a decrease in production in July — listed in order — are: Apparel, Leather & Allied Products; Paper Products; Electrical Equipment, Appliances & Components; Nonmetallic Mineral Products; Transportation Equipment; Petroleum & Coal Products; Fabricated Metal Products; Miscellaneous Manufacturing; Machinery; and Plastics & Rubber Products.
| Production | %Higher | %Same | %Lower | Net | Index |
| Jul 2019 | 19.7 | 59.4 | 20.8 | -1.1 | 50.8 |
| Jun 2019 | 31.7 | 48.7 | 19.6 | +12.1 | 54.1 |
| May 2019 | 25.4 | 54.9 | 19.7 | +5.7 | 51.3 |
| Apr 2019 | 30.4 | 51.5 | 18.1 | +12.3 | 52.3 |
Employment ISM®’s Employment Index registered 51.7 percent in July, a decrease of 2.8 percentage points when compared to the June reading of 54.5 percent. This indicates growth in employment in July for the 34th consecutive month. “Employment continued to expand slightly compared to June. Comments were generally ‘pro hire,’ but there is a growing reluctance to replace unplanned exits and retirements,” says Fiore. An Employment Index above 50.8 percent, over time, is generally consistent with an increase in the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data on manufacturing employment.
Of 18 manufacturing industries, nine reported employment growth in July, in the following order: Furniture & Related Products; Printing & Related Support Activities; Food, Beverage & Tobacco Products; Plastics & Rubber Products; Petroleum & Coal Products; Electrical Equipment, Appliances & Components; Paper Products; Machinery; and Chemical Products. The six industries reporting a decrease in employment in July, in the following order, are: Apparel, Leather & Allied Products; Nonmetallic Mineral Products; Primary Metals; Fabricated Metal Products; Transportation Equipment; and Miscellaneous Manufacturing.
| Employment | %Higher | %Same | %Lower | Net | Index |
| Jul 2019 | 19.2 | 66.3 | 14.5 | +4.7 | 51.7 |
| Jun 2019 | 26.2 | 61.2 | 12.6 | +13.6 | 54.5 |
| May 2019 | 23.1 | 63.6 | 13.2 | +9.9 | 53.7 |
| Apr 2019 | 19.6 | 68.0 | 12.4 | +7.2 | 52.4 |
Supplier Deliveries The delivery performance of suppliers to manufacturing organizations slowed in July, as the Supplier Deliveries Index registered 53.3 percent. This is 2.6 percentage points higher than the 50.7 percent reported for June. “This is the 41st straight month of slowing supplier deliveries, in contrast with the reduction in production material lead times noted in the Buying Policy section of this report,” says Fiore. A reading below 50 percent indicates faster deliveries, while a reading above 50 percent indicates slower deliveries.
The seven industries reporting slower supplier deliveries in July — listed in order — are: Wood Products; Petroleum & Coal Products; Apparel, Leather & Allied Products; Plastics & Rubber Products; Computer & Electronic Products; Food, Beverage & Tobacco Products; and Miscellaneous Manufacturing. The five industries reporting faster supplier deliveries in July are: Paper Products; Electrical Equipment, Appliances & Components; Fabricated Metal Products; Transportation Equipment; and Chemical Products. Six industries reported no change in supplier deliveries in July as compared to June.
| Supplier Deliveries | %Slower | %Same | %Faster | Net | Index |
| Jul 2019 | 13.1 | 80.8 | 6.1 | +7.0 | 53.3 |
| Jun 2019 | 9.7 | 83.0 | 7.3 | +2.4 | 50.7 |
| May 2019 | 11.0 | 82.9 | 6.1 | +4.9 | 52.0 |
| Apr 2019 | 18.0 | 73.6 | 8.4 | +9.6 | 54.6 |
Inventories* The Inventories Index registered 49.5 percent in July, an increase of 0.4 percentage point from the 49.1 percent reported for June. “The index contracted for the second straight month. Inventories were again depleted relative to production, due to production-output strength. Many respondents noted that they continue to watch inventories closely to align with softening demand,” says Fiore. An Inventories Index greater than 44.3 percent, over time, is generally consistent with expansion in the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) figures on overall manufacturing inventories (in chained 2000 dollars).
The seven industries reporting higher inventories in July — listed in order — are: Printing & Related Support Activities; Plastics & Rubber Products; Electrical Equipment, Appliances & Components; Nonmetallic Mineral Products; Paper Products; Food, Beverage & Tobacco Products; and Computer & Electronic Products. The eight industries reporting a decrease in inventories in July — in the following order — are: Apparel, Leather & Allied Products; Furniture & Related Products; Fabricated Metal Products; Textile Mills; Miscellaneous Manufacturing; Primary Metals; Transportation Equipment; and Chemical Products.
| Inventories | %Higher | %Same | %Lower | Net | Index |
| Jul 2019 | 17.4 | 64.1 | 18.4 | -1.0 | 49.5 |
| Jun 2019 | 16.5 | 65.1 | 18.4 | -1.9 | 49.1 |
| May 2019 | 18.8 | 64.3 | 16.9 | +1.9 | 50.9 |
| Apr 2019 | 20.5 | 64.8 | 14.7 | +5.8 | 52.9 |
Customers’ Inventories* ISM®’s Customers’ Inventories Index registered 45.7 percent in July, which is 1.1 percentage points higher than the 44.6 percent reported for June, indicating that customers’ inventory levels were considered too low. “Although customers’ inventories are too low for the 34th consecutive month, they are now at optimum levels. This is the third straight month of increasing customer-inventory levels,” says Fiore.
The five industries reporting customers’ inventories as too high during the month of July are: Apparel, Leather & Allied Products; Nonmetallic Mineral Products; Miscellaneous Manufacturing; Electrical Equipment, Appliances & Components; and Paper Products. The 10 industries reporting customers’ inventories as too low during July — listed in order — are: Wood Products; Textile Mills; Plastics & Rubber Products; Machinery; Transportation Equipment; Food, Beverage & Tobacco Products; Fabricated Metal Products; Primary Metals; Computer & Electronic Products; and Chemical Products.
| Customers’ Inventories | % Reporting | %Too High | %About Right | %Too Low | Net | Index |
| Jul 2019 | 74 | 10.5 | 70.5 | 19.1 | -8.6 | 45.7 |
| Jun 2019 | 77 | 11.1 | 66.9 | 22.0 | -10.9 | 44.6 |
| May 2019 | 81 | 10.5 | 66.5 | 23.0 | -12.5 | 43.7 |
| Apr 2019 | 78 | 10.5 | 64.2 | 25.3 | -14.8 | 42.6 |
Prices* The ISM® Prices Index registered 45.1 percent in July, a decrease of 2.8 percentage points from the June reading of 47.9 percent, indicating raw materials prices decreased for the second month in a row. “Prices contracted in July at higher rates compared to June. Respondents reported a large-scale decrease in prices for aluminum, copper, corrugate, computer memory and steel products,” says Fiore. A Prices Index above 52.5 percent, over time, is generally consistent with an increase in the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Producer Price Index for Intermediate Materials.
Four of the 18 industries reported paying increased prices for raw materials in July: Printing & Related Support Activities; Food, Beverage & Tobacco Products; Petroleum & Coal Products; and Miscellaneous Manufacturing. The 10 industries reporting a decrease in prices for raw materials in July — listed in the following order — are: Textile Mills; Paper Products; Primary Metals; Furniture & Related Products; Fabricated Metal Products; Plastics & Rubber Products; Machinery; Chemical Products; Transportation Equipment; and Computer & Electronic Products.
| Prices | %Higher | %Same | %Lower | Net | Index |
| Jul 2019 | 15.9 | 58.4 | 25.7 | -9.8 | 45.1 |
| Jun 2019 | 19.7 | 56.4 | 23.9 | -4.2 | 47.9 |
| May 2019 | 22.0 | 62.3 | 15.7 | +6.3 | 53.2 |
| Apr 2019 | 19.0 | 62.1 | 19.0 | 0.0 | 50.0 |
Backlog of Orders* ISM®’s Backlog of Orders Index registered 43.1 percent in July, which is 4.3 percentage points lower than the 47.4 percent reported in June, indicating order backlogs contracted for a third consecutive month, at a faster rate in July. “Backlogs shrank during July due to production output being able to exceed new order intake rates,” says Fiore.
The two industries reporting growth in order backlogs in July are: Printing & Related Support Activities; and Furniture & Related Products. The 12 industries reporting a decrease in order backlogs during July — listed in order — are: Textile Mills; Primary Metals; Paper Products; Chemical Products; Food, Beverage & Tobacco Products; Nonmetallic Mineral Products; Electrical Equipment, Appliances & Components; Computer & Electronic Products; Fabricated Metal Products; Transportation Equipment; Miscellaneous Manufacturing; and Machinery.
| Backlog of Orders | % Reporting | %Higher | %Same | %Lower | Net | Index |
| Jul 2019 | 88 | 13.6 | 59.0 | 27.5 | -13.9 | 43.1 |
| Jun 2019 | 88 | 17.8 | 59.2 | 23.0 | -5.2 | 47.4 |
| May 2019 | 88 | 21.7 | 51.1 | 27.2 | -5.5 | 47.2 |
| Apr 2019 | 89 | 24.1 | 59.8 | 16.2 | +7.9 | 53.9 |
New Export Orders* ISM®’s New Export Orders Index registered 48.1 percent in July, 2.4 percentage points lower compared to the June reading of 50.5 percent, indicating that new export orders contracted following one month of growth. “Many respondents noted global trade softness in China as a reason for sluggish activity. Two of the six big industry sectors expanded, while three reported contraction,” says Fiore.
The three industries reporting growth in new export orders in July are: Miscellaneous Manufacturing; Food, Beverage & Tobacco Products; and Chemical Products. The seven industries reporting a decrease in new export orders in July — listed in order — are: Apparel, Leather & Allied Products; Fabricated Metal Products; Primary Metals; Paper Products; Plastics & Rubber Products; Transportation Equipment; and Computer & Electronic Products. Eight industries reported no change in new export orders in July as compared to June.
| New Export Orders | % Reporting | %Higher | %Same | %Lower | Net | Index |
| Jul 2019 | 75 | 8.5 | 79.3 | 12.2 | -3.7 | 48.1 |
| Jun 2019 | 77 | 13.2 | 74.5 | 12.3 | +0.9 | 50.5 |
| May 2019 | 77 | 13.6 | 74.6 | 11.7 | +1.9 | 51.0 |
| Apr 2019 | 78 | 9.1 | 80.8 | 10.1 | -1.0 | 49.5 |
Imports* ISM®’s Imports Index registered 47 percent in July, a decrease of 3 percentage points when compared to the 50 percent reported for June, indicating that imports contracted in July after being unchanged in June. “Three of the six big industry sectors contributed to the contraction. The Imports Index reached its lowest level since August 2016, when it registered 46.8 percent,” says Fiore.
The only industry reporting growth in imports during the month of July is Wood Products. The 11 industries reporting a decrease in imports in July — in the following order — are: Apparel, Leather & Allied Products; Paper Products; Electrical Equipment, Appliances & Components; Furniture & Related Products; Primary Metals; Nonmetallic Mineral Products; Fabricated Metal Products; Machinery; Computer & Electronic Products; Plastics & Rubber Products; and Transportation Equipment. Six industries reported no change in raw materials imports in July as compared to June.
| Imports | % Reporting | %Higher | %Same | %Lower | Net | Index |
| Jul 2019 | 83 | 8.6 | 76.7 | 14.7 | -6.1 | 47.0 |
| Jun 2019 | 83 | 11.1 | 77.8 | 11.1 | 0.0 | 50.0 |
| May 2019 | 84 | 10.7 | 77.4 | 11.9 | -1.2 | 49.4 |
| Apr 2019 | 85 | 12.5 | 74.4 | 13.0 | -0.5 | 49.8 |
*The Inventories, Customers’ Inventories, Prices, Backlog of Orders, New Export Orders and Imports Indexes do not meet the accepted criteria for seasonal adjustments.
Buying Policy Average commitment lead time for Capital Expenditures decreased by three days in July to 148 days. Average lead time for Production Materials decreased by seven days in July to 65 days. Average lead time for Maintenance, Repair and Operating (MRO) Supplies decreased by five days in July to 31 days. “Average lead-time commitment decline is consistent with respondents’ comments,” says Fiore.
Percent Reporting
| Capital Expenditures | Hand-to-Mouth | 30 Days | 60 Days | 90 Days | 6 Months | 1 Year+ | Average Days | |||
| Jul 2019 | 20 | 6 | 8 | 18 | 27 | 21 | 148 | |||
| Jun 2019 | 19 | 4 | 11 | 16 | 29 | 21 | 151 | |||
| May 2019 | 21 | 4 | 12 | 15 | 28 | 20 | 145 | |||
| Apr 2019 | 22 | 4 | 9 | 20 | 23 | 22 | 146 | |||
| Production Materials | Hand-to-Mouth | 30 Days | 60 Days | 90 Days | 6 Months | 1 Year+ | Average Days | |||
| Jul 2019 | 11 | 36 | 26 | 18 | 6 | 3 | 65 | |||
| Jun 2019 | 12 | 32 | 26 | 17 | 9 | 4 | 72 | |||
| May 2019 | 11 | 32 | 27 | 17 | 9 | 4 | 72 | |||
| Apr 2019 | 11 | 31 | 30 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 71 | |||
| MRO Supplies | Hand-to-Mouth | 30 Days | 60 Days | 90 Days | 6 Months | 1 Year+ | Average Days | |||
| Jul 2019 | 40 | 36 | 16 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 31 | |||
| Jun 2019 | 37 | 37 | 17 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 36 | |||
| May 2019 | 36 | 40 | 17 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 35 | |||
| Apr 2019 | 38 | 37 | 16 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 35 | |||
Posted August 1, 2019
Source: Institute for Supply Management® (ISM®) — Manufacturing ISM® Report On Business®
